Symptoms of diabetes type 2

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus are hidden for a long time, and the diagnosis is most often determined when analyzing the level of glycemia. For example, during an all-season medical examination. If type 2 diabetes is prescribed, the symptoms can manifest mainly in adults over the age of 40, but even then the patients do not complain of severe fatigue, thirst or polyuria (increased urination).

The brightest signs of type 2 diabetes are itching of any part of the skin or vaginal area. But this symptom is very common, so in most cases, patients prefer to seek help from a dermatologist or gynecologist, without even suspecting that they have symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

From the onset of the manifestation of the disease to the precise determination of the diagnosis, many years often pass, at this time in many cases the symptoms of type 2 diabetes already acquire a clinical picture of late complications.

So, patients are hospitalized with ulcerative lesions of the legs, a heart attack, a stroke. Often appeals for help to ophthalmologists due to a sharp and rapidly developing decline in vision.

                                           

The disease develops in several stages and there are several types of severity:

• 1.    An easy degree. Usually found with a correct and full medical examination. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes will not make themselves felt with proper treatment. Therapy will consist of observing a simple diet, as well as taking 1 capsule of a sugar reducing agent.
• 2.    The average degree. Here the symptoms can appear, but without any further complications for the body. It is possible to improve the condition by using sugars reducing agents per day.
• 3.    Heavy degree. Symptoms in this form will have significant consequences, up to an urgent hospitalization and an unscheduled operation. In addition to taking sugar-reducing drugs, you will have to resort to insulin.

Stage 2 diabetes mellitus:

• ·          Compensatory. The stage is completely reversible and in the future, the patient will undergo a complete recovery since the signs of type 2 diabetes are not manifested at all or appear insignificantly.
• ·   Sub compensatory. It will take a more serious treatment; some symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be present in the patient until the end of life.
• ·       Decompensation. The metabolism of carbohydrates in the body changes completely and is disturbed, it is impossible to return the organism to its original "healthy" form.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in most cases is based on the detection of a symptom of hyperemia (elevated blood sugar level) along with standard signs are (the aforementioned obesity, heredity, etc.).

If these signs are not detected for one reason or another, an absolute deficiency of insulin can be additionally established. At him the patient sharply loses weight, experiences a constant thirst, ketosis develops (active fat splitting for the maximum preservation of energy in connection with the small maintenance in an organism of carbohydrates).

This procedure for determining the level of fasting glycemia is shown to people older than 40 years 1 every 3 years. Especially acute in this study need people with excessive body weight.

Young patients should be checked for insulin-dependent diabetes in such cases:

• ·       They are overweight
• ·       They lead a sedentary lifestyle;
• ·       Suffer from arterial hypertension;
• ·       The level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exceeds the norm;
• ·       Have cardiovascular diseases;

A woman gave birth to a child weighing over 4 kg and/or suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (various abnormalities of the ovaries function).

Another analysis is testing of glucose tolerance. Before the procedure, the person who has been ill for several days should consume 200 grams of carbohydrate-containing food per day, and you can drink unlimited amounts of sugar-free water. Usually, blood values for diabetes will exceed 7.8 mmol / l.

For a correct diagnosis, 10 hours after the last meal, a test is performed. For this, blood can be taken from both the finger and the vein. Then the subject uses a special glucose solution and gives blood four more times: in half an hour, 1 hour, 1.5 and 2 hours.

In addition, an analysis of urine for sugar can be offered. This diagnosis is not entirely accurate since sugar in the urine can appear for a number of other reasons not related to diabetes (type 2).

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (insulin-independent) - a pathology characterized by a violation of the production of carbohydrates in the body. In a normal state, the human body produces insulin (a hormone), which processes glucose into nutrient cells for body tissues.

When diabetes is not insulin-independent, these cells are more active, but insulin distributes energy incorrectly. In this regard, the pancreas begins to produce it with a vengeance. Increased secretion depletes the cells of the body, the remaining sugar accumulates in the blood, developing into the main sign of type 2 diabetes - hyperglycemia.

Causes

Unambiguous causes of type 2 diabetes are still not established. Scientists have proven that this disease is more common in women, adolescents during puberty. Representatives of the African-American race are often ill.

Thus, the causes of type 2 diabetes are:

• ·       Obesity;
• ·       Ethnicity;
• ·       Lifestyle;
• ·       Maintaining a diet;
• ·       Bad habits;
• ·       Arterial hypertension.

Obesity, especially visceral, when the fat cells are located directly in the abdominal cavity and cover all organs. In 90% of cases, the symptoms of type 2 diabetes are manifested in full people. Most often, these are patients whose excess weight is due to improper diet and consumption of a large amount of harmful food.

Ethnicity is another cause of type 2 diabetes. This symptom is sharply manifested when the traditional way of life changes to the exact opposite. Diabetes of the second type, together with obesity, causes a sedentary lifestyle, the absence of any physical activity and a constant stay in one place.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus also arises due to the peculiarities of a particular diet (for example, medical or professional sports). This happens when you use a lot of carbohydrates, but with a minimum content in the body of fiber.

Bad habits are important causes of type 2 diabetes. Alcohol damages pancreatic tissue, reducing insulin secretion and increasing its sensitivity. This body in people suffering from this dependence significantly increased, and the special cells that are responsible for the production of insulin, and altogether atrophy. It is noteworthy that insignificant consumption of alcohol per day (48 g) reduces the risk of the disease.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 often appears together with another problem - arterial hypertension. This is a chronic disease in adults, which is associated with a prolonged increase in blood pressure. Very often, the causes of diabetes and hypertension are identical.

Foods low in carbohydrates

Do you want to lose weight with the least expenditure of time, money and energy? In the world of modern technologies, this path is most often chosen. In pursuit of a slim body, the vast majority of people do not go to the gyms but resorts to low-carb nutrition.

As shown by many years of experience, excluding from the menu of products with a high level of carbohydrates leads to a good result. Man for a short time and for a long time gets rid of excess weight without harm to health. Really from carbohydrates one harm? And why not abandon them at all?

    

The importance of carbohydrates for the body

Carbohydrates are necessary for a person for his normal life. Therefore, excluding them completely from the diet is very dangerous. This will lead to the failure of all body systems.

Carbohydrates are the number one energy supplier. They also perform a transport function, supplying the necessary amount of protein with muscle tissue.

It is customary to distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates. Great harm to our figure is caused by products with a high content of substances of the first group. This includes sweets and confectionery. Useful for the body are complex carbohydrates. But they need to be used within reasonable limits. Otherwise, their excess will be deposited under the skin in the form of a fat deposit.

The need for an organism in carbohydrates varies from person to person and sometimes reaches 600 grams. It all depends on lifestyle, level of physical activity, metabolism and many other indicators. For low-carb nutrition, a person should consume at least 150 grams of these substances per day. Otherwise, unavoidable violations of the stomach, intestines and health problems during exercise.

Low-carbohydrate nutrition: protein and fats

By refusing to eat high-carbohydrate foods, it is highly undesirable to reduce the amount of protein and fat that comes with food. Protein does not have the property of being stored in the form of fat. It plays the role of a building material for muscles and other tissues. The protein synthesizes hormones, blood constituents, enzymes and various vital substances.

The average protein for an average person is about 80 grams per day. The need for it increases with age, as well as after difficult physical exercises and illnesses.

                                                        

By receiving foods with a low carbohydrate content, the body will require a large dose of protein. To fill its deficiency is worth, but it is not recommended to exceed the daily volume of protein. The daily protein norm is calculated approximately based on the body weight: per kilogram from 1.5 to 2 grams of protein.

As for fats, they are no less necessary than protein. They are an energy source, and also serve to update and build the tissues and cells of the body.

According to most, excess fat intake leads to weight gain and elevated cholesterol. The truth is in this, of course, there is. But most of the guilt lies here on carbohydrates. The essence of the following.

During the low-carbohydrate diet, the body receives insufficient amounts of substances, the consumption of which we have limited. Accordingly, he begins to experience a deficit and moves to a new type of fuel, obtained as a result of the breakdown of fats. At the same time, energy is generated not only from food fats but also from the fats of the human body. To reduce simultaneously their quantity and level of carbohydrates in food means to lose both energy sources.

Such a barbaric attitude towards one's health will lead to a deficit of protein. The body will treat the protein as a new energy source. Therefore, reducing the carbohydrate content in food, it is necessary to reasonably increase the amount of consumed fat.

Observing a strict low-carbohydrate diet, the approximate ratio of biologically significant elements should be as follows: 10% carbohydrates, 30% protein and 60% fat.

What concerns low-carb products?

By refusing to eat high carbohydrates, you do not need to panic if after 14 days your scales will show the addition of extra pounds. This is not fatty deposits, but the collected liquid.

Nutrition during a low-carb diet can be varied. The list of products is quite large. These include:

• ·       vegetables;
• ·       fruit;
• ·       greenery;
• ·       a variety of types of nuts;
• ·       mushrooms;
• ·       Sunflower seeds and pumpkins;
• ·       various berries;
• ·       leguminous crops;
• ·       a great variety of juices.

A minimum of carbohydrates contains citrus fruits. At the same time, dried fruits are not to be carried away, since they are very caloric.

The best way to lose weight quickly, easily and effectively

Now it's fashionable to be thin. Slim modern ladies. Popular diets and dietary supplements, the effectiveness of which is questionable. For those who decided to lose weight, it is important to decide how to lose weight very quickly?

                            

It is believed that having sustained a diet, you will become slimmer forever and this is the most important. Given the research of scientists, rapid weight loss is due to the withdrawal of water from the body and when returning to the usual schedule of food intake, the kilograms again arrive. If for a couple of weeks to exclude a favorite product from the diet, for example, mayonnaise, there will be a result.

Nutritionists advise, responding to the popular question "how to lose weight very quickly," to give up fast carbohydrates. This is bread, products containing sugar. They saturate the body quickly, but just as quickly the sense of saturation passes. A large amount of sugar harms not only the figure and the goal of quickly losing weight, but also dangerous for health. High blood sugar can cause diabetes or cancer.

What is and what not to eat to lose weight?

Help to lose weight quickly, long carbohydrates, which support the body for a long time and the feeling of hunger appears later. Long carbohydrates are in the croup; the record holder is oatmeal. Bread substitute for bread. It is clear that a quick way to lose weight does not involve a large use of these products.

Reduce the amount of salt. Each time I salt a meal a little less than usual. Excess weight often appears due to fluid retention in the body. And the food, excessively salty, causes appetite, provoking to eat more.

In the struggle to quickly lose weight, be sure to pay attention to animal fats. Replace the butter, margarine and lard on vegetable, preferably olive oil. And to maintain the required protein, eat fatty fish instead of fatty meat, chicken, eggs.

Diet

Many diets claim that a quick way to lose weight is not eating after 18 hours. But it's not right. For the human body, such selective starvation is not natural. It is known that any living creature in a stressful situation tends to accumulate energy for future periods. The body will not burn more calories, it will tend to keep them, stretch for a longer period. Doing sports in a state of hunger is not possible, too much fatigue.

Doctors unanimously repeat that it is necessary to eat with small intervals and small portions - no more than 200. In the evening, contrary to the well-known belief, one should not eat fruit, it is better to eat vegetables. You can in pure form or a salad with vegetable oil and lemon juice. Drink more water. If the feeling of hunger is played out in the evening, low-fat yogurt or yogurt will help, eat a little cottage cheese.

Pills

Now biologically active additives are spread. Advertising and is full of slogans about fast ways to lose weight with pills. People who are desperate to lose weight, eat BAD. It is proved that there is no benefit from them, on the contrary, many cause deplorable consequences, drying up the body, depriving it of the necessary liquid, cause dehydration.

Physical exercises

Regular physical exertion is useful for any organism, especially for a person who is overweight. It is important to find the right approach. You cannot train only the press to remove the fat from your stomach. As a result, you will receive a belly that has increased in volume. Of course, the muscles will grow, become elastic, but the fat itself will not go anywhere. Any exercise should be combined with proper diet and daily regimen. The organism needs to rest. Physical loads should be moderately important regularity and correct distribution to all parts of the body. Take yourself for the habit of doing exercises every day and see the result!

Surgical intervention

There are cases when you cannot do without surgeons. There is an operation to reduce the stomach - this is really a quick way to lose weight. It is relevant for very full people, whose weight cannot be met by the heart and other organs. Part of the stomach is stitched, and there is a huge amount of food impossible, due to which a person grows thin.

Liposuction is common. Fat is pumped out with a special tool. After such interventions, there is no guarantee that the weight will not return. There is a percentage of the negative result, when in the pursuit of beauty, the entire organism is harmed (blood poisoning, anesthesia).

Fasting for weight loss

If you keep fasting for weight loss, you should understand: on the effectiveness of combating obesity, such nutrition significantly loses a reasonably selected balanced diet and is even worse.

The main sense of all restrictions in the post is the approach of a person to God, self-perfection in a spiritual, religious sense.

List of fast foods (i.e. banned) during the fast is impressive: meat, poultry, fish, milk and all its derivatives, animal fats, eggs are excluded. It seems to exclude all this and weight loss is ensured. Actually, this is not true. Many people do lose weight during the post, but the rest safely retain their volumes, and some even recover.

During the fasting period, it is required not only to refuse certain foods but also not to take meals with food - there is little by little and rarely. If you perceive fasting as a solution to a problem with a figure, numerous prohibitions can cause mood worsening, depression, irritability, and as a consequence, a decrease in muscle tone and the body's transition from the regime of energy consumption to the accumulation regime.

And after leaving the post, lifting the prohibitions can lead to a set of weight.

Better try to make for yourself this period the most comfortable.

Watch for the fatness of your meals during fasting, do not overdo the intake of vegetable oil.

In order not to feel hungry, except fruit and vegetables during the fast, include in your diet cereals, bread, potatoes, soups.

During the post do not tolerate protein deficiency: eat nuts, beans, more full support can be provided by soy products.

During the fasting, be sure to get enough sleep, walk more in the open air, drink multivitamins, use natural antidepressants (eg, coniferous or citrus baths).